Grouped-sampling technique to deal with unbalance in Raman spectral data modeling

Due to limitations in disease prevalence and hospital specificity, spectral data are often collected with unbalanced sample size. To solve this problem, a new sampling method – grouped-sampling was proposed in this research, which is shown to be effective for unbalanced data. It avoids over-fitting of over-sampling and overcomes under-sampling utilization of under-sampling. In this study, we applied grouped-sampling to two unbalanced datasets where the sample proportions are 199:40 and 75:225. And then verified from two classic models: PCA-SVM (Principal Component Analysis-Support Vector Machine) and the deep learning algorithm GoogLeNet. The accuracy of these two datasets were 85.11% and 96.15% in PCA-SVM and 85.10% and 84.61% on GoogLeNet. Also, the F1-score were evaluated to measure the classification balance of sampling method, and result shows that F1-score of grouped-sampling is always the highest compared to over-sampling and under-sampling. In summary, compared to traditional sampling methods, grouped-sampling performs better on prediction for classes with smaller sample size, which means grouped-sampling can improve the balance of classification results and the potential of practical application. Therefore, we develop a group sampling method that distinguishes between under- and over-sampling, which greatly improves the accuracy and balance of predictions for unbalanced samples.     

Effect of recent seasonal influenza vaccination on serum antibody responses to candidate pandemic influenza A/H5N1 vaccines: A meta-analysis

Recent studies have suggested that among those receiving seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV), reduced immunogenicity is observed in recently vaccinated (RV; within the past season or 2) persons when compared with those not recently vaccinated (NRV). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of recent immunization with SIV on serum H5 hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses after influenza A/H5N1 vaccination using data from a series of randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was seroconversion measured by HAI assays following receipt of 2 doses of H5N1 vaccine. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of serum HAI antibody after vaccination was the secondary outcome. Analyses were performed using propensity score (PS) matching. The PS for each individual in the meta-analysis cohort was calculated using logistic regression and covariates included age, gender, race, antigen dose, adjuvant, statin use and vaccine manufacturer. 2015 subjects enrolled in 7 clinical trials were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis cohort; among these, 915 (45%) were RV. 901 RV subjects were matched (1:1) with replacement to a subject who was NRV. Subjects who received SIV within the previous season were significantly less likely to seroconvert following H5N1 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio 0.76; 95%CI 0.60–0.96; p = 0.024), and the GMT was 18% higher among NRV subjects (GM ratio of HAI antibody 1.18; 95%CI 1.04–1.33; p = 0.008). Further work is needed to better define the effects of, and mechanisms contributing to, reduced immune responses to H5N1 vaccine among RV subjects.     

Spectrum-Toxicity Correlation Study Revealed the Influence of the Nine-Time Steaming and Sun Drying Method on Hepatotoxic Components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix

Objective: Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PM) is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years. We wondered whether the classical processing method, namely, nine-time steaming and sun drying (NSSD), had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing, as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds. Materials and Methods: The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis. Results: The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying, which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing, which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity. After the five times of NSSD, the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady. Moreover, we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD. Based on the fact, they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying. Conclusions: This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.     

Medial sustainable nail versus proximal femoral nail antirotation in treating AO/OTA 31-A2.3 fractures: Finite element analysis and biomechanical evaluation

Objectives

Using finite element analysis and biomechanical tests, the biomechanical behaviors of Medial Sustainable Nail (MSN) and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) were compared for the fixation of fracture type of AO/OTA 31-A2.3.

Aflibercept in Combination With FOLFIRI as First-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): A Phase II Study (FFCD 1302)

BackgroundFOLFIRI (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin) + aflibercept improves median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Our aim was to investigate efficacy and tolerability of this combination in the first line.Patients and MethodsPatients with untreated documented mCRC received aflibercept plus FOLFIRI every 14 days until progression or unacceptable toxicity in an open, phase II single-arm, multicenter trial. The primary endpoint was the 6-month PFS rate. Secondary endpoints were OS and tolerability. A 2-step Simon design was used with H₀: 55% and H₁= 75%. Data were analyzed in intention to treat.ResultsForty-one patients were included, and 40 were analyzed (1 consent withdrawal) in 9 French centers between October 2014 and February 2017. The median age was 65 years (range, 46-81 years), 55% had ≥ 2 metastatic sites, and 50% and 15% had RAS and BRAF mutations, respectively. Twenty-two (54.5%; 95% confidence interval, 38.9%-68.5%) patients were alive and non-progressive at 6 months. FOLFIRI + aflibercept was considered ineffective, resulting in the cessation of inclusions. The median follow-up was 34 months. The overall response rate was 55%, and the disease control rate was 80%. The median duration of treatment was 5.3 months; the median PFS and OS were 8.2 and 18.6 months, respectively. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events were mainly gastrointestinal (47.5%) and vascular (32.5%). Of the patients, 87.5% had at least 1 dose modification.ConclusionAlthough the primary objective was not met, first-line FOLFIRI + aflibercept for mCRC leads to median PFS and OS close to those reported with classical doublet and targeted agents, but with significant toxicities needing dose reduction.     

肺磨玻璃结节的胸部CT影像特征及其对结节良恶性的诊断价值

目的:观察肺磨玻璃结节（GGN）的胸部CT征象，分析其在结节良恶性诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2019年9月解放军总医院收治的65例具有GGN的CT影像征象的患者，根据病理结果分为良性组（26例）、恶性组（39例），收集整理相关临床及影像资料，分析良、恶性GGN不同CT影像特点及诊断价值。结果:良、恶性肺GGN在病变直径、形状、边界、分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、支气管充气征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征和密度具有差异，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 其中胸膜凹陷征的诊断灵敏度和特异度最高，分别为76.92％和73.08％；而粗糙边界的诊断灵敏度和特异度最低，分别为25.64％和26.92％。分叶征、胸膜凹陷征的AUC值分别为0.718、0.75，对恶性GGN有较高的预测价值。结论:肺GGN的胸部CT征象（病变直径、形状、边界、分叶征、毛刺征、空泡征、支气管充气征、血管集束征、胸膜凹陷征、密度）有助于鉴别诊断良、恶性肺GGN。